(cvs.info.gz) Invoking CVS
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Appendix B Quick reference to CVS commands
******************************************
This appendix describes how to invoke CVS, with references to where
each command or feature is described in detail. For other references
run the `cvs --help' command, or see Index.
A CVS command looks like:
cvs [ GLOBAL_OPTIONS ] COMMAND [ COMMAND_OPTIONS ] [ COMMAND_ARGS ]
Global options:
`--allow-root=ROOTDIR'
Specify legal CVSROOT directory (server only) (not in CVS 1.9 and
older). See Password authentication server.
`-a'
Authenticate all communication (client only) (not in CVS 1.9 and
older). See Global options.
`-b'
Specify RCS location (CVS 1.9 and older). See Global
options.
`-d ROOT'
Specify the CVSROOT. See Repository.
`-e EDITOR'
Edit messages with EDITOR. See Committing your changes.
`-f'
Do not read the `~/.cvsrc' file. See Global options.
`-H'
`--help'
Print a help message. See Global options.
`-n'
Do not change any files. See Global options.
`-Q'
Be really quiet. See Global options.
`-q'
Be somewhat quiet. See Global options.
`-r'
Make new working files read-only. See Global options.
`-s VARIABLE=VALUE'
Set a user variable. See Variables.
`-T TEMPDIR'
Put temporary files in TEMPDIR. See Global options.
`-t'
Trace CVS execution. See Global options.
`-v'
`--version'
Display version and copyright information for CVS.
`-w'
Make new working files read-write. See Global options.
`-x'
Encrypt all communication (client only). See Global
options.
`-z GZIP-LEVEL'
Set the compression level (client only). See Global
options.
Keyword expansion modes ( Substitution modes):
-kkv $Id: file1,v 1.1 1993/12/09 03:21:13 joe Exp $
-kkvl $Id: file1,v 1.1 1993/12/09 03:21:13 joe Exp harry $
-kk $Id$
-kv file1,v 1.1 1993/12/09 03:21:13 joe Exp
-ko no expansion
-kb no expansion, file is binary
Keywords ( Keyword list):
$Author: joe $
$Date: 1993/12/09 03:21:13 $
$CVSHeader: files/file1,v 1.1 1993/12/09 03:21:13 joe Exp harry $
$Header: /home/files/file1,v 1.1 1993/12/09 03:21:13 joe Exp harry $
$Id: file1,v 1.1 1993/12/09 03:21:13 joe Exp harry $
$Locker: harry $
$Name: snapshot_1_14 $
$RCSfile: file1,v $
$Revision: 1.1 $
$Source: /home/files/file1,v $
$State: Exp $
$Log: file1,v $
Revision 1.1 1993/12/09 03:30:17 joe
Initial revision
Commands, command options, and command arguments:
`add [OPTIONS] [FILES...]'
Add a new file/directory. See Adding files.
`-k KFLAG'
Set keyword expansion.
`-m MSG'
Set file description.
`admin [OPTIONS] [FILES...]'
Administration of history files in the repository. See
admin.
`-b[REV]'
Set default branch. See Reverting local changes.
`-cSTRING'
Set comment leader.
`-kSUBST'
Set keyword substitution. See Keyword substitution.
`-l[REV]'
Lock revision REV, or latest revision.
`-mREV:MSG'
Replace the log message of revision REV with MSG.
`-oRANGE'
Delete revisions from the repository. See admin
options.
`-q'
Run quietly; do not print diagnostics.
`-sSTATE[:REV]'
Set the state.
`-t'
Set file description from standard input.
`-tFILE'
Set file description from FILE.
`-t-STRING'
Set file description to STRING.
`-u[REV]'
Unlock revision REV, or latest revision.
`annotate [OPTIONS] [FILES...]'
Show last revision where each line was modified. See
annotate.
`-D DATE'
Annotate the most recent revision no later than DATE. See
Common options.
`-F'
Force annotation of binary files. (Without this option,
binary files are skipped with a message.)
`-f'
Use head revision if tag/date not found. See Common
options.
`-l'
Local; run only in current working directory.
Recursive behavior.
`-R'
Operate recursively (default). Recursive behavior.
`-r TAG[:DATE]'
Annotate revisions specified by TAG or, when DATE is specified
and TAG is a branch tag, the version from the branch TAG as it
existed on DATE. See Common options.
`checkout [OPTIONS] MODULES...'
Get a copy of the sources. See checkout.
`-A'
Reset any sticky tags/date/options. See Sticky tags
and Keyword substitution.
`-c'
Output the module database. See checkout options.
`-D DATE'
Check out revisions as of DATE (is sticky). See Common
options.
`-d DIR'
Check out into DIR. See checkout options.
`-f'
Use head revision if tag/date not found. See Common
options.
`-j TAG[:DATE]'
Merge in the change specified by TAG, or when DATE is
specified and TAG is a branch tag, the version from the
branch TAG as it existed on DATE. See checkout
options.
`-k KFLAG'
Use KFLAG keyword expansion. See Substitution modes.
`-l'
Local; run only in current working directory.
Recursive behavior.
`-N'
Don't "shorten" module paths if -d specified. See
checkout options.
`-n'
Do not run module program (if any). See checkout
options.
`-P'
Prune empty directories. See Moving directories.
`-p'
Check out files to standard output (avoids stickiness). See
checkout options.
`-R'
Operate recursively (default). Recursive behavior.
`-r TAG[:DATE]'
Checkout the revision already tagged with TAG or, when DATE is
specified and TAG is a branch tag, the version from the
branch TAG as it existed on DATE. This . See Common
options.
`-s'
Like -c, but include module status. See checkout
options.
`commit [OPTIONS] [FILES...]'
Check changes into the repository. See commit.
`-c'
Check for valid edits before committing. Requires a CVS
client and server both version 1.12.10 or greater.
`-F FILE'
Read log message from FILE. See commit options.
`-f'
Force the file to be committed; disables recursion. See
commit options.
`-l'
Local; run only in current working directory. See
Recursive behavior.
`-m MSG'
Use MSG as log message. See commit options.
`-n'
Do not run module program (if any). See commit
options.
`-R'
Operate recursively (default). Recursive behavior.
`-r REV'
Commit to REV. See commit options.
`diff [OPTIONS] [FILES...]'
Show differences between revisions. See diff. In
addition to the options shown below, accepts a wide variety of
options to control output style, for example `-c' for context
diffs.
`-D DATE1'
Diff revision for date against working file. See diff
options.
`-D DATE2'
Diff REV1/DATE1 against DATE2. See diff options.
`-l'
Local; run only in current working directory. See
Recursive behavior.
`-N'
Include diffs for added and removed files. See diff
options.
`-R'
Operate recursively (default). Recursive behavior.
`-r TAG1[:DATE1]'
Diff the revisions specified by TAG1 or, when DATE1 is
specified and TAG1 is a branch tag, the version from the
branch TAG1 as it existed on DATE1, against the working file.
See diff options and Common options.
`-r TAG2[:DATE2]'
Diff the revisions specified by TAG2 or, when DATE2 is
specified and TAG2 is a branch tag, the version from the
branch TAG2 as it existed on DATE2, against REV1/DATE1. See
diff options and Common options.
`edit [OPTIONS] [FILES...]'
Get ready to edit a watched file. See Editing files.
`-a ACTIONS'
Specify actions for temporary watch, where ACTIONS is `edit',
`unedit', `commit', `all', or `none'. See Editing
files.
`-c'
Check edits: Edit fails if someone else is already editting
the file. Requires a CVS client and server both of version
1.12.10 or greater.
`-f'
Force edit; ignore other edits. Added in CVS 1.12.10.
`-l'
Local; run only in current working directory. See
Recursive behavior.
`-R'
Operate recursively (default). Recursive behavior.
`editors [OPTIONS] [FILES...]'
See who is editing a watched file. See Watch information.
`-l'
Local; run only in current working directory. See
Recursive behavior.
`-R'
Operate recursively (default). Recursive behavior.
`export [OPTIONS] MODULES...'
Export files from CVS. See export.
`-D DATE'
Check out revisions as of DATE. See Common options.
`-d DIR'
Check out into DIR. See export options.
`-f'
Use head revision if tag/date not found. See Common
options.
`-k KFLAG'
Use KFLAG keyword expansion. See Substitution modes.
`-l'
Local; run only in current working directory.
Recursive behavior.
`-N'
Don't "shorten" module paths if -d specified. See
export options.
`-n'
Do not run module program (if any). See export
options.
`-R'
Operate recursively (default). Recursive behavior.
`-r TAG[:DATE]'
Export the revisions specified by TAG or, when DATE is
specified and TAG is a branch tag, the version from the
branch TAG as it existed on DATE. See Common options.
`history [OPTIONS] [FILES...]'
Show repository access history. See history.
`-a'
All users (default is self). See history options.
`-b STR'
Back to record with STR in module/file/repos field. See
history options.
`-c'
Report on committed (modified) files. See history
options.
`-D DATE'
Since DATE. See history options.
`-e'
Report on all record types. See history options.
`-l'
Last modified (committed or modified report). See
history options.
`-m MODULE'
Report on MODULE (repeatable). See history options.
`-n MODULE'
In MODULE. See history options.
`-o'
Report on checked out modules. See history options.
`-p REPOSITORY'
In REPOSITORY. See history options.
`-r REV'
Since revision REV. See history options.
`-T'
Produce report on all TAGs. See history options.
`-t TAG'
Since tag record placed in history file (by anyone). See
history options.
`-u USER'
For user USER (repeatable). See history options.
`-w'
Working directory must match. See history options.
`-x TYPES'
Report on TYPES, one or more of `TOEFWUPCGMAR'. See
history options.
`-z ZONE'
Output for time zone ZONE. See history options.
`import [OPTIONS] REPOSITORY VENDOR-TAG RELEASE-TAGS...'
Import files into CVS, using vendor branches. See import.
`-b BRA'
Import to vendor branch BRA. See Multiple vendor
branches.
`-d'
Use the file's modification time as the time of import. See
import options.
`-k KFLAG'
Set default keyword substitution mode. See import
options.
`-m MSG'
Use MSG for log message. See import options.
`-I IGN'
More files to ignore (! to reset). See import
options.
`-W SPEC'
More wrappers. See import options.
`init'
Create a CVS repository if it doesn't exist. See Creating a
repository.
`kserver'
Kerberos authenticated server. See Kerberos authenticated.
`log [OPTIONS] [FILES...]'
Print out history information for files. See log.
`-b'
Only list revisions on the default branch. See log
options.
`-d DATES'
Specify dates (D1<D2 for range, D for latest before). See
log options.
`-h'
Only print header. See log options.
`-l'
Local; run only in current working directory. See
Recursive behavior.
`-N'
Do not list tags. See log options.
`-R'
Only print name of RCS file. See log options.
`-rREVS'
Only list revisions REVS. See log options.
`-s STATES'
Only list revisions with specified states. See log
options.
`-t'
Only print header and descriptive text. See log
options.
`-wLOGINS'
Only list revisions checked in by specified logins. See
log options.
`login'
Prompt for password for authenticating server. See Password
authentication client.
`logout'
Remove stored password for authenticating server. See
Password authentication client.
`pserver'
Password authenticated server. See Password authentication
server.
`rannotate [OPTIONS] [MODULES...]'
Show last revision where each line was modified. See
annotate.
`-D DATE'
Annotate the most recent revision no later than DATE. See
Common options.
`-F'
Force annotation of binary files. (Without this option,
binary files are skipped with a message.)
`-f'
Use head revision if tag/date not found. See Common
options.
`-l'
Local; run only in current working directory.
Recursive behavior.
`-R'
Operate recursively (default). Recursive behavior.
`-r TAG[:DATE]'
Annotate the revision specified by TAG or, when DATE is
specified and TAG is a branch tag, the version from the
branch TAG as it existed on DATE. See Common options.
`rdiff [OPTIONS] MODULES...'
Show differences between releases. See rdiff.
`-c'
Context diff output format (default). See rdiff
options.
`-D DATE'
Select revisions based on DATE. See Common options.
`-f'
Use head revision if tag/date not found. See Common
options.
`-l'
Local; run only in current working directory. See
Recursive behavior.
`-R'
Operate recursively (default). Recursive behavior.
`-r TAG[:DATE]'
Select the revisions specified by TAG or, when DATE is
specified and TAG is a branch tag, the version from the
branch TAG as it existed on DATE. See diff options
and Common options.
`-s'
Short patch - one liner per file. See rdiff options.
`-t'
Top two diffs - last change made to the file. See diff
options.
`-u'
Unidiff output format. See rdiff options.
`-V VERS'
Use RCS Version VERS for keyword expansion (obsolete). See
rdiff options.
`release [OPTIONS] DIRECTORY'
Indicate that a directory is no longer in use. See
release.
`-d'
Delete the given directory. See release options.
`remove [OPTIONS] [FILES...]'
Remove an entry from the repository. See Removing files.
`-f'
Delete the file before removing it. See Removing
files.
`-l'
Local; run only in current working directory. See
Recursive behavior.
`-R'
Operate recursively (default). Recursive behavior.
`rlog [OPTIONS] [FILES...]'
Print out history information for modules. See log.
`-b'
Only list revisions on the default branch. See log
options.
`-d DATES'
Specify dates (D1<D2 for range, D for latest before). See
log options.
`-h'
Only print header. See log options.
`-l'
Local; run only in current working directory. See
Recursive behavior.
`-N'
Do not list tags. See log options.
`-R'
Only print name of RCS file. See log options.
`-rREVS'
Only list revisions REVS. See log options.
`-s STATES'
Only list revisions with specified states. See log
options.
`-t'
Only print header and descriptive text. See log
options.
`-wLOGINS'
Only list revisions checked in by specified logins. See
log options.
`rtag [OPTIONS] TAG MODULES...'
Add a symbolic tag to a module. See Revisions and
Branching and merging.
`-a'
Clear tag from removed files that would not otherwise be
tagged. See Tagging add/remove.
`-b'
Create a branch named TAG. See Branching and merging.
`-B'
Used in conjunction with -F or -d, enables movement and
deletion of branch tags. Use with extreme caution.
`-D DATE'
Tag revisions as of DATE. See Tagging by date/tag.
`-d'
Delete TAG. See Modifying tags.
`-F'
Move TAG if it already exists. See Modifying tags.
`-f'
Force a head revision match if tag/date not found. See
Tagging by date/tag.
`-l'
Local; run only in current working directory. See
Recursive behavior.
`-n'
No execution of tag program. See Common options.
`-R'
Operate recursively (default). Recursive behavior.
`-r TAG[:DATE]'
Tag the revision already tagged with TAG or, when DATE is
specified and TAG is a branch tag, the version from the
branch TAG as it existed on DATE. See Tagging by
date/tag and Common options.
`server'
Rsh server. See Connecting via rsh.
`status [OPTIONS] FILES...'
Display status information in a working directory. See File
status.
`-l'
Local; run only in current working directory. See
Recursive behavior.
`-R'
Operate recursively (default). Recursive behavior.
`-v'
Include tag information for file. See Tags.
`tag [OPTIONS] TAG [FILES...]'
Add a symbolic tag to checked out version of files. See
Revisions and Branching and merging.
`-b'
Create a branch named TAG. See Branching and merging.
`-c'
Check that working files are unmodified. See Tagging
the working directory.
`-D DATE'
Tag revisions as of DATE. See Tagging by date/tag.
`-d'
Delete TAG. See Modifying tags.
`-F'
Move TAG if it already exists. See Modifying tags.
`-f'
Force a head revision match if tag/date not found. See
Tagging by date/tag.
`-l'
Local; run only in current working directory. See
Recursive behavior.
`-R'
Operate recursively (default). Recursive behavior.
`-r TAG[:DATE]'
Tag the revision already tagged with TAG, or when DATE is
specified and TAG is a branch tag, the version from the
branch TAG as it existed on DATE. See Tagging by
date/tag and Common options.
`unedit [OPTIONS] [FILES...]'
Undo an edit command. See Editing files.
`-l'
Local; run only in current working directory. See
Recursive behavior.
`-R'
Operate recursively (default). Recursive behavior.
`update [OPTIONS] [FILES...]'
Bring work tree in sync with repository. See update.
`-A'
Reset any sticky tags/date/options. See Sticky tags
and Keyword substitution.
`-C'
Overwrite locally modified files with clean copies from the
repository (the modified file is saved in `.#FILE.REVISION',
however).
`-D DATE'
Check out revisions as of DATE (is sticky). See Common
options.
`-d'
Create directories. See update options.
`-f'
Use head revision if tag/date not found. See Common
options.
`-I IGN'
More files to ignore (! to reset). See import
options.
`-j TAG[:DATE]'
Merge in changes from revisions specified by TAG or, when
DATE is specified and TAG is a branch tag, the version from
the branch TAG as it existed on DATE. See update
options.
`-k KFLAG'
Use KFLAG keyword expansion. See Substitution modes.
`-l'
Local; run only in current working directory.
Recursive behavior.
`-P'
Prune empty directories. See Moving directories.
`-p'
Check out files to standard output (avoids stickiness). See
update options.
`-R'
Operate recursively (default). Recursive behavior.
`-r TAG[:DATE]'
Checkout the revisions specified by TAG or, when DATE is
specified and TAG is a branch tag, the version from the
branch TAG as it existed on DATE. See Common options.
`-W SPEC'
More wrappers. See import options.
`version'
Display the version of CVS being used. If the repository is
remote, display both the client and server versions.
`watch [on|off|add|remove] [OPTIONS] [FILES...]'
on/off: turn on/off read-only checkouts of files. See
Setting a watch.
add/remove: add or remove notification on actions. See
Getting Notified.
`-a ACTIONS'
Specify actions for temporary watch, where ACTIONS is `edit',
`unedit', `commit', `all', or `none'. See Editing
files.
`-l'
Local; run only in current working directory. See
Recursive behavior.
`-R'
Operate recursively (default). Recursive behavior.
`watchers [OPTIONS] [FILES...]'
See who is watching a file. See Watch information.
`-l'
Local; run only in current working directory. See
Recursive behavior.
`-R'
Operate recursively (default). Recursive behavior.
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